Differentiating Between Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction Diabetes Mellitus is a disease of the endocrine system primarily differentiated between type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin and was previously seen in the younger generation which is no longer the case.1 Type 2 diabetes is the more prevalent of the two types and involves elevated blood sugar levels due to the insufficient production of insulin. Risk factors that make an individual higher risk for type 2 diabetes include increasing age, obesity, family history, a sedentary lifestyle.1,2 Innovative drug therapies for type 2 diabetes remain important for the treatment and reduction of the disease. The prevalence of diabetes according to the CDC is 26 million Americans†¦show more content†¦Other drugs with a similar mechanism of action include empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, ipragliflozin, but these are not FDA approved. Since the sodium glucose transporter is located in the proximal part of the kidney, and responsible for 90% of glucose reabsorption, the reabsorption is therefore inhibited.2 This results in decreased blood glucose due to a decrease in glucose reabsorption and increase in excretion. Invokana is initially administered 100 mg by mouth every day before the first meal of the day. The dose can be increased to 300 mg every day in patients tolerating the initial dose who have a GFR greater than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 in need of additional glycemic control.3 Adverse effects that have been noted with this medication include increased urination, yeast infections, and negative gastrointestinal effects.4,6 Safety considerations include dehydration, vaginal yeast infections in women and men, and it is not advised to take Invokana if you are allergic or have severe renal impairment and/or are on dialysis.4 It is therefore imperative that patients are screened appropriately before being placed on this medication, and that monitoring is performed in certain disease states, particularly those involving renal disease. Literature Evaluation The first study by Lavalle-Gonzaled, Janus Zewicxz Davidson J and et al. was on the â€Å"Efficacy and safety of Canagliflozin compared with placebo and Sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes onShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Comprises A Group Of Metabolic Disorders That Share The Common Phenotype Of Hyperglycemia2949 Words   |  12 PagesDiabetes Mellitus (DM) comprises a group of metabolic disorders that share the common phenotype of hyperglycemia. Diabetes is a very debilitating disease, affecting approximately 8.3% of the adult population or 382 million across the world. The area most afflicted by diabetes is the Western Pacific, which includes China- affecting about 138 million. In the United States it is approximated that 29.1 million (9.3% of the population) have diabetes. 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The Good Things Of Life That Make Life - 850 Words

There are many good things in life that make life â€Å"good†. For instance, equality, is extremely important. Whether it be about race, sex, religion or age, all people have the right to be equal. If capable of doing the job correctly, they must receive the same wage as others doing what they are doing. As stated in The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, â€Å"Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person.† While it does not directly state that this article refers to race, articles four and five in the Declaration also mention that slavery or any kind of torture is wrong and should be prohibited. Often times in the United States, this has not been followed. Slavery was, of course, abolished in 1865. Although in words, all Americans are equal, this is not always the case. Many African American people are victims of hate crimes just for their race. For this reason, this group is not truly free. Without freedom, there is no good. Equality for women has come a long way in the United States. Women were given the right to vote in 1920. Even after this, what seems like, fair law was passed, women were still not equal to men. For years this was just accepted by the majority of America. Women were housewives with little option to do much else. It was not until the 1960’s when the women were finally heard. The women’s rights movement pushed the fact that women can do just as much as men. While many were still housewives, they slowly began to enter the workforce. WomenShow MoreRelatedHedonism and Desire Satisfaction Theory861 Words   |  4 Pages Hedonism and the desire-satisfaction theory Name Institution Introduction Hedonism and the desire-satisfaction theory of welfare are typically seen as archrivals in the contest over identifying what makes one’s life better. It is surprising, then, that the most plausible form of hedonism is desire satisfactionism. 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I think this one of my obsessions because life can be taken away in a blink of an eyeRead MoreReflection Of My Gratitude Diary1055 Words   |  5 PagesThe gratitude journal process really got me thinking of many things I am grateful for. I felt good journaling because I usually journal about ideas and plans I want to achieve, but never have written about the stuff I am grateful for in life. I noticed that I was only taking pictures of material possessions rather than looking at other important things like being able to hear. Being able to see. Being able to have feet to walk, and hands to be able to help others. It might have been because I dont

Review How do you Motivate Employees

Question: Discuss about One more time: How do you motivate employees by Frederick Herzberg? Answer: The article being reviewed was written by the famous management writer Frederick Herzberg. Professor Herzberg was a distinguished professor at the University of Utah and was associated with the department of management studies. He was also a distinguished professor and the head of the department of psychology in the Western Reserves University in 1968, when this article was published (Herzberg, 1968). The article highlights the many strategies and policies that are designed, implemented and followed by the higher managements of various organizations so as to get what they want from their employees. The process of motivating an employee to perform his regular duties at the job is perhaps the most monotonous job that the management has to perform. The higher management of every organization is continuously in search of ways in which their employees can be motivated: there has been no well formulated permanent answer to this question as none of the strategies implemented so far has been able to provide a complete remedy to this problem. Until now innumerable theories, strategies and policies have been applied by organizations so as motivate their employees, some of these have even been successful to meet their purpose, but none of them provide the desired result in a long term basis. Professor Herzberg starts this article with the very same question that has been asked to him several times by the managements of various organizations, and also admits that the psychology that works behind entire process of the organizations trying to motivate their employees and the negative response of the employees towards all such attempts is indeed very complex. He sarcastically formulates the theory of KITA or the KICK IN THE ASS as the ultimate policy of moving an employee and making him do his job as and when required by the management. However, the author does not forget to make his point clear while formulating the theory of KITA: he expresses his firm belief that the primary aim of organizations is not to force their employees into doing things each and every time; instead the organizations should be looking at solutions which would be far more dignified a d wood actually generate a sense of responsibility and ownership towards the jobs that they perform. In the following sections the author describes some of the mythological strategies that are still employed by various organizations so as to motivate their employees into performing their own duties: strategies being reducing the number of hours an employee needs to be present at work, the various types of increments in payments, different reward systems implemented by the organizations and so on. However, Professor Herzberg is of the opinion that all the above mentioned strategies had been unsuccessful at motivating the employees due to a very basic reason: the management had been so far overlooking a prime factor, namely the dissatisfaction of the workers at the work place. In this context, the author also clearly states that although in our semantic languages the opposite of job satisfaction would be job dissatisfaction, yet in the real world the two words have a very different relationship. In the real world, the opposite of job satisfaction would be no job satisfaction and that of job dissatisfaction would be no job dissatisfaction. According to this theory, when researches are being conducted on this particular domain, the factors behind the job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction of employees that are to be studied and analyzed need to be differentiated at first, as there exists no correlation in between these two factors. The author also uses a triangle of philosophie s in this context, which can be used in personnel management: the three sides of the triangle depicts some motivators factors which can be used so as to manipulate the employees I performing their job. The last section of the article is dedicated to the principles and strategies of job enrichment which has been developed by the incorporation of various strategies taken by organization that had actually been successful in motivating their employees. One of these principles is known as job loading. According to the author, job loading can be differentiated into two types; the horizontal job loading and the vertical job loading. While the vertical job loading is associated with providing motivator factors to the employee, the horizontal job loading mainly increases the target of the employee instead of giving them scopes for growth. An enterprise which has been successful in motivating its employees must put in a right mix of these two sets of job overloading for achieving the success. Lastly, the author suggests the steps that should be ideally implemented by an organization so as to enrich the jobs and motivate the employees in performing those. References: Herzberg, F. (1968). One more time: How do you motivate employees?Harvard Business Review, (September-October 1987). Retrieved from https://synchronit.com/downloads/freebooks/herzberg.pdf

Motorola Corporation

Introduction Motorola Corporation was started in 1928 with the aim of manufacturing a variety of electronic and communication devices. Since then, the company has been growly rapidly with increased net sales and income as well as the number of employees. The company reached its climax in 1993 with reported net sales of $ 17 billion and 120,000 employees globally.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motorola Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, of late, the company has faced many challenges which have declined its sales and hence its profitability. These challenges include the size of the company where it became too large to manage in 1990s, involvement in too many businesses, competition from rival companies such as Nokia, and other internal and external factors that reduced the market share of the company in the communication market. The company got involved in too many businesses but it would have specialized in semi conductor devices production. Company analysis The market share of the company has reduced in the past few years as the company continue involving itself in many businesses thus affecting coordination. Involvement in so many businesses, which have proved a challenge to the management: the company ought to drop most of its operation lines or products and concentrate on a few lines or just one that will be easily coordinated by the management. Through the analysis of the company’s recent financial report, the company is able to break-even implying that, if the company concentrates on one line or product, it is possible to raise its profit to higher margins and this concept highlights the importance of specialization in any undertaking. Semiconductor products The company ought to drop all the products it has been producing and concentrate on the production of semiconductor products.  Since 1928 when the company started its operations, it has been manufactur ing semiconductor devices with the main clients being electronic manufacturing companies. The company has continued to dominate in this market for many years; it was ranked the largest manufacturing company of semiconductor globally in 1994. This means that the company already has established itself in this product’s market than in any other product it manufactures.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Concentrating on semiconductor products will enable company to restore its position in the market, which it has lost in the past few years due to concentration on so many products. It will also make it easier for the management to coordinate its operations in all the regions where the company operates and this will help to improve its efficiency and quality of its products thus improving the sale and profitability of the company. Conclusion The corporation involved itself in so many businesses, which have grown rapidly over time thus becoming a challenge for the management to effectively organize and coordinate all the business groups. However, the company may also continue with its operation since its financial report analysis shows that the company is able to break-even, even at this time when its market share has declined. The best line or product to concentrate on is the manufacturing of semiconductor devices due to their high profit margin and market advantage the company has on the product. Moreover, the company has been doing quite well in this line; therefore, putting more efforts in the same, market share will increase and returns will escalate pushing the company to great heights. This essay on Motorola Corporation was written and submitted by user Kas0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.