Reflections Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflections - Assignment ExampleThree similar examples be the three theaters namely Farnese all(prenominal) Antica, and Olimpico. Each of these has an architectural and classical significance that stretches beyond their historical importance and dominance.Farnese in Parma is a mold for modern day normals. Being the proud owner of being the one of first few to involve a proscenium arch. Even in modern day, the stage placing allows for the most suitable views from all angles and serves as an epitome for all the modern day theaters and stage constructions.Stage is being parted into two view separations on each side of the wall, allowing for expanded visibility. The statues and paintings that are placed in parallel sideways adds to the design and architectural beauty and makes the stage look more brighter and rich.While discussing these three historic theaters, the thought should not be contained only to the historic precedence and performances being performed rather the edge being enjoyed by them with respect to the craft and semiotics and the deep readings hidden in them that are often being ignored.The seating arrangements are quite spacious and can allow for large number of spectators accommodation with sufficient spacing in between. Like any other theater the seats are arranged in an ascending mould to allow maximum visibility. Multi floor seating spacing allow for large number of spectators accommodation as well as open preview of the entire theater and stage from every angle.A feature package of ashlar quinons, sufficiently spacious seatings, accommodative of large crowd, niches and curvospezzati. Once an open air theater, was later on modified and roofed as changes and developments kept creeping in the overall design.The internal design has office for orchestra, central stage, spacious isles frescos are an added feature which is the master piece of Paolo Veronese. Other notable frescos and works embarrass the contribution of Villa Barbaro and Ber nardino Quadri to name a few. Statues of the

Mitigation Strategies and Solutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mitigation Strategies and Solutions - Essay ExampleKemp (2004) estimates that the existences surface temperature obtain increased by 0.3c-0.6c since 1900. The years 1995-2006 ranked amongst eleven of the dozen warmest years on record since climatic records began in 1850. The IPCC also estimates that by 2020, the res publicas temperatures exit have risen by a further 0.2c. Natural Causes/Contributions of Global Warming farmings Orbital Variation The Milankovitch Theory of climate change predicts that the soils orbit around the lie is not a perfect circle but an ellipse, which makes the earth closer to the sun at certain(a) periods. This currently occurs in January, making northern hemisphere winters slightly milder than previous winters. With greater eccentricity the length of the Earths seasons varies, which can lead to the build up of ice sheets when there are precooled summers. sunbathe Spot Activity The sun is now believed to be its most active for 300 years (Kemp, 2004 ). In the past 120 years, 0.5c rise in ball-shaped temperatures occurred before 1940, which is earlier than the biggest rise in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions released by humans. Further evidence comes from tree ring data in which 17 out of 19 of the warmest spells in the past 10,000 years coincided with peaks in solar activity (Goudie, 2000). Ocean Circulation Changes The Earths oceans cover around 70% of the Earths surface and absorb twice the come up of suns radiation as the atmosphere of the land surface (Jackson and Jackson, 1996). With their huge heat capacity, and instrument to move vast quantities of heat across the planet, they have a major effect on the earths temperatures, e.g. during an El Nino cycle, the west coast of South America experiences laid- affirmer temperatures with greater rainfall delinquent to the transportation of warm waters from the South Pacific replacing the usual up-welling of nutrient rich cooler waters (Thomas and Goudie, 2000). The North Atlan tic Jet and Gulf Stream also has a major alter on the earths surface temperatures in North Europe, which transports warm heat from the Caribbean up to high latitudinal regions making temperatures artificially high for their latitudinal position. Human Causes/Contributions of Global Warming Burning of fossil Fuels The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas releases anthropogenic emissions of GHGs, such as hundred dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and halocarbons. These gases absorb some of the infrared radiation emitted by the Earth which would otherwise escape back into space. This creates the enhanced greenhouse effect, in which increased CO? levels (280ppm from pre industrial levels to 379pmm by 2005) have warmed global temperatures by around 0.5c over the past century (IPCC, 2007) Deforestation The worlds forests have decreased by around 38% over the past century (Jackson and Jackson, 1996). This has led to increased levels of CO? in the earths atmosphere because ther e are not enough trees to absorb the excess carbon rates caused by increased human activity. Increased agriculture and livestock such as cows release significant amounts of methane, which contribute towards global warming. Levels of methane have doubled since pre-industrial times to 1.765 ppmv (Kemp, 2004). CFCs CFCs and other halocarbons released from refrigerators, insulating foams, aerosol spray cans and industrial plants all destroy the stratospheric ozone, and are a significant cause of global warming due to their higher concentration levels of greenhouse gases (Goudie, 2000). Positive and blackball

Animal Rights Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Animal Rights Analysis - Essay ExampleWithin the animal rights movement, every animal, from conception to natural death, has a certain value given by God. The second strand employs the arguments from the knowledge domain of legal philosophy, specifically natural law, claiming that the right-to-life is a fundamental right which should be protected by law. On the other hand, if an animal and its existence threaten homosexual life, it is morally permissible to kill this animal for instance, outcasts with rabies, total aggressiveness of an animal or invasion of animals such as wild foxes or wolves. Also, gene plan and cloning need sacrifices in order to protect human life and find treatment for incurable diseases. Also, all medicines and treatment methods be tested on animals to be sure that they are safe for human beings. In this case, it is morally permissible to do these things to non-human animals. This balance is an expression, then, of core values, of basic societal choices. T his is the point where the specialization between rights and boundaries collapses since Moral rights- beyond the core-become an expression of the kind of particularized societal choice of which fundamental boundaries are an expression. Moral boundaries are designed, thus, to allow communities to make and live by those differing balances which they deem fundamental.The main similarity is in perspectives they are written from. Both web sites UUFETA (Unitarian Universalists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) and Animal Freedom are found on religious perspectives incorporating moral and ethical point of view. Both web sites state that the community should ever seek to adopt the highest standard of animal rights around. Both sites agree that the voice of one individual in a modern society will normally carry little weight unless the demands which that individual articulates come from in spite of appearance the central elite and its decision-making body until those concerned get tog ether with others who share a common interest and aggregate their demands into a program for action.

Archaeology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

archaeology - Essay ExampleIn order to witness the chivalric culture of a particular society, especially its material culture, archaeological evidences are considered as one of the most significant atoms. Archaeological evidence includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts, and ethnic landscapes that are the archaeological records of the society. However, the definition of the term culture is not free of ambiguity. It has a unique nature of contradictory features. On one hand, culture is a dynamic phenomenon in the sense that it keeps moving and changing with decades and centuries. On the other hand, culture stands tall as a strong static element for societies witnessing various changes through ages. That is to say, the culture of a particular society constructs its own unique identity through ages by being its common image of consistence. This ambiguous nature of culture mutants an important role in depicting the pagan lifespan of a society. In the context of archaeological c ulture, the dynamic as head as static (or unique) nature of culture can be greatly influenced by cultural fundamental interaction of different societies. This paper briefly addresses the role of archaeological evidence with regard to describing the cultural life of past human societies. ... That is to say, a holistic approach concept of culture is essentially required to understand and pardon cultural relations in a society. Further, the concept of culture is also associated closely with that of identity, both of an individual(a) as well as the collective identity of a society. A commonly defined birth of culture, ethnicity and individual relates to the broader understanding and conceptualization of identity. In the context of archaeological culture study, it involves empirical assumption of all such identities. One of the significant aspects to address while speculating identities is the issue of cultural equal or acculturation or cultural fusion. A historically evident and r emarkable element of this culture contact is colonialism the presence of which is inevitable in the study of archaeological culture. Colonialism is considered as one of the most significant causes as well as consequences of cultural contact between cities, states and empires. Archaeology has a special role to play in the study and colonialism, and vice versa. While talking about the varieties of colonialism and their similarities (Gosden, 2004, p. 22), he argues that modern colonialism strikingly differs from the antediluvian times in the context that the previous includes particular features like the creation of fixed orders of racial and cultural difference which were not found in the same manner amongst the Romans or the Greeks for instance. Further, the result of colonialism has been remarkable it created new-fangled worlds through the meeting, clash and sometimes merger of varying values. (Gosden, 2004, p. 23) Nonetheless, culture contact is a broader term that includes a var iety of elements other than just colonialism. It

Marketing Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing dodge - Research Paper ExampleThere are numerous companies providing logistical function within the division providing intense competition. Within the African region, umpteen logistics companies are local and have limited exposure to foreign logistics business. The company intends to utilize the business experience gained in offering logistical run within variant states. This forget become essential in ensuring the quality of services offered, displayed through the quick and timely pitch of services. Many of the companies operating within the industry offer logistical services in the transportation of make goods. As a company operating a farm, the company allow for offer logistical services for agricultural products. This will become a relatively new aspect which could be essential in achieving sustainable competitive advantage (Fleisher & Bensoussan, 2003). The company will maximise on the weaknesses of existing competitors in gaining a competitive advantage, ult imately achieving sustainability in the business. The company will effectively utilize this weakness to ensure the preparation of cross-border logistics and increase its market share. The international experience and presence will enable the company to offer logistics services to increased numbers of clients. Differentiation remains an essential business strategy utilized in gaining a competitive advantage within a highly competitive business environment. Differentiation includes making a company services unique and creating an identity within a crowded business environment. The company intends to make offering trucking services for agricultural non-perishable products within the African market. With numerous African regions facing the straight shortage of food, offering transportation services for agricultural products will attract surmountable customers within the organizations providing residuum food. With many organizations covering several countries, the global aspect of the company will become a unsounded element in undertaking these business ventures. Having been involved in growing of barley, the company already has the contentedness to transport similar agricultural products like dry maize and beans. Market leadership The company will undertake a market leadership approach in performing the various business operations within the regions covered. The company will focus on offering services across the borders as many of the competitor companies have continued to offer services with limited coverage. The increased coverage of the services will ensure the company becomes a market leader in a wide region.

How Advertising and the Media Have Created a New China Research Paper

How Advertising and the Media Have Created a saucily china - Research Paper ExampleChina is no exception a country with a long history of communism, China slowly adopts a new, westernized vision of the global reality. Chinese media reflect and bestow to the growing of new consumer images. The influence of advertising on individual and collective identities is difficult to overestimate. More all-important(prenominal) are the influences of media advertising on the growth of gender relations and the changing perceptions of femininity in the postmodern Chinese culture. A content analysis of Chinese printed ads will provide a brief perceptiveness into the role of media and advertising in creating the countrys female ideals. Advertising and the making of new China Setting the context How advertising shapes new China is a question surrounded by much controversy. It is no secret that the end of the 1970s marked a new stage in the political, economic, and ethnical evolution of China. Since the end of the 1970s, China has changed dramatically from being predominantly Marxist to a becoming a new, market-socialist country (Tse, Belk & Zhou 457). The no-advertising culture gave place to a well-developed advertising infrastructure, which both facilitates and is facilitated by the rapid development of modern media sources and consumer values (Tse, Belk & Zhou 457). ... Chinese consumers gradually realize the value of market openness. In their consumer choices they mostly rely on the popular media sources. Product choices in China are no longer throttle to bicycles and wristwatches but make Chinese consumers think twice, before they choose the best of the best in passing competitive Chinese and international markets (Tse, Belk & Zhou 458). Against the background of market openness and relative freedom of competition, the Chinese media have become an important carrier of unique ethnic meanings. Advertising does not merely parcel out goods but has the strong potenti al to bring about a new collective identity (Johansson 357). Advertising creates a new image of self in Chinese consumers it strengthens the sense of belonging to one or some(prenominal) societal groups eventually, advertising creates a distinct borderline between Self and Others, but whether advertising praises or judges otherness depends on numerous contextual factors (Johansson 357). Chinese media contexts are extremely complex and diverse. They create and sustain a self-otherness dichotomy which characterizes most, if not all, media processes in todays China. Women are excessively sensitive to this type of media influences. It would be fair to assume that the role of women in the Chinese society and advertising in popular media are closely interrelated the media reflect the dramatic changes in the women-society relationship and, simultaneously, drive the development of new gender realities. Advertising shapes new China, through new typologies of women and changes in female pe rceptions of Chinese cultural realities. This is probably why the role of advertising in the development of female identities and their implications for new

Education by Computer - A Better Way Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Education by Computer - A Better Way - Essay ensampleIt is easy for a student in America to choose lectures from an Indian teacher now with the care of videoconferencing like computing device technologies. Moreover, no early(a) resources can provide the same referencing facilities as computer does. instead of academic libraries, students now started to access online libraries in order to get more insights into a particular topic. flush though the utility of computer in culture is unquestionable, some people argue that precept by computers should not be wind beyond certain limits. This paper analyses whether education with the swear out of computers is honest or bad or up to what extent we can rely on computers to provide better education to children. To be able to put the computer in an adequate perspective in education or in individual or social life it is necessary to understand very well what it is. Its of import characteristic is that it is an hook and not concrete m achine (as, e.g. a power lathe or a bicycle) it acts in a virtual space, the space of the thoughts we may insert into the machine. So any use of it forces some abstract thought (Setzer). Many people have the false belief that computers can bring wonders in educational circle. However, it should be noted that computers are working on artificial intelligence and it do not stimulate any natural intelligence as man possesses. In other words, computers are working ground manmade instructions or programs. Since computers do not have the thought process ability, it cannot answer a question which is unfamiliar to it. On the other hand, human intelligence can try to solve entirely problems because of its independent thinking ability. According to Roger J. Desmond, a professor in the School of Communication at the University of Hartford, who specializes in kids and interactive media computer games can increase reaction time, which can help with doing stuff that school requires(Wood). Maj ority of the computer games encourage children to think in multiple ship canal to solve a particular problem created by the computers. For example, Prince of Persia is a multilevel computer game popular among kids. This game presents so many puzzles in front of the kids. It is unsufferable for children to go to a higher level if they fail to solve the puzzle in the present level. Thus, they result be encouraged to think too much while playing Prince of Persia like computer games which is good for them to solve problems in their studies. Some people believe that over exposure to computer related education may damage the thinking abilities of the children. Learning is actually occurs through problem solving method. In other words, when a student tries to solve a problem, he will think about various ways to solve it. Thus he may develop so many hypotheses initially and test all of them with the help of trial and error method before arriving at the right solution. In short, self-solvi ng of problems may help a student to open up many of his hidden faculties of mind which is good for the brain development. On the other hand, when a student tries to solve a problem with the help of computers, he is getting organise made answers at once and therefore he may not get an opportunity to break-dance some kind of exercises to his brain. In short, over reliance on computers for solving problems can affect the thinking abilities of the students. It is a fact that many of the modern students are struggling while they are forced to take some critical decisions in their lives.

The Four Components of Strategic Management and How They Interact with Essay

The quatern Components of Strategic Management and How They Interact with Each Other - Essay ExampleThe first component of strategical management is provision. Planning involves determining the organizational goals and how they be going to be achieved (Rothbauer-Vanish, 2009). Managers buttocks utilize planning to forecast sales levels, inventory requirements, and labor necessities. The second component of strategic management is organizing. The managers of a companion must organize all its resources in order to implement the course of action it determined in the planning process (Associatedcontent, 2011). Organizing helps companies in the implementation process of its plans. The third component of strategic management is controlling. peremptory is the process of establishing performance standards based on the firms objectives, measuring and reporting actual performance, canvass the two, and taking corrective and preventive action (Erven). The final component of strategic man agement is leading. Leading involves incite and helping workers achieve the organizational goals of the company. In the hospitality industry the four components of strategic management can be put to good use. Hotels have to plan how many resources such as labor are needed in order to comply with the demand of customers. For example there are more guests staying in hotels during summer season than in autumn.

John Lennon and Yoko Ono's campaign for peace Essay

toilette Lennon and Yoko Onos campaign for quietness - Essay ExampleThe essay John Lennon and Yoko Onos campaign for peace discovers campaign for peace by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. The war was causing great suffering to the women and children. However, the US government was not warm to stop the war anytime soon. However, after the people stood against their own administrators, the political leaders who needed their votes during the next choice had to bow down and listen to their concerns. Currently, its easier to mobilize people to the streets. This is because the media has advanced tremendously. In addition, there is granting immunity of expression. Moreover, the entry of the internet in the world has revolutionalized the communication sector. Many people have access to technological gadgets such as phones, tablets, and computers to enable them communicate with separate people at ease. On the other hand, sociable media has increased the connectivity of the people. Therefore, people are able to interact and share ideas without have to move from one show to the other. However, during those times, the media was less developed. As a result, it was hard to mobilize people towards common objectives. As a result, the accompaniment that John Lennon and Yoko Ono were able to convince people towards their ideologies is a clear indication that their campaign was of great success. The forces in Vietnam were being blamed for various atrocities. In addition, the war was characterized by torturing of women and violation of other human rights. However, the world was silent as all these acts continued.

New Labour Education Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

advanced stab Education Policy - Essay ExampleIn keeping trample with the concept that the school is a reflection of society, New Labours studyal policies bemuse been framed in their philosophy of drop market competition, equality, and the recognition and reward of ability. New Labour has made a significant load to narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor and lessening the effects of the accessible and cultural enceinte that permeates the system. The policy is also committed to reversing the increasing social exclusion of the unemployed and low-paid, and to equality of opportunity in education and the need to develop the potential of every child (Tomlinson 2003, p.195). In addition, New Labour has hold a steadfast commitment to choice and competition, with education developing as a market goodness driven by consumer demand, fuelled by league tables of examination results, school choice by parents, specialist schools and failing schools (Tomlinson 2003, p.196). The mercilessness of the market and cultural traditions have often compromised the drive towards equality and fairness and has created tension in New Labours controversial educational policies.No matter where you look in the educational system you allow have the influence of the social stratification, racism, the gap between the poor and rich, and the class attitudes that are reflected in educations mirror. However, national standards and mandates have dictated that these influences must be overlooked and not considered in favour of an inclusive and performance base system. The initial enthusiasm that met New Labours educational reforms has dissipated into puzzlement, disappointment and concern about the direction of education policy, at least in... The researcher of this essay concluds that education reform in the UK has followed a violent and pugnacious road since the beginnings of formal education. Once thought to be the property of the elite, the researcher states that educatio n is now sensed as a right that every citizen has an opportunity to attain. The traditional view that the school should be a reflection of the society becomes problematic when trying to instil equality, while honestly accounting for the culture. The call for free market choice and competition add additional tension to the multiple goals of the educational initiatives. Traditional social and cultural groups that underperform in society or economics will also underperform in education. This results in socio-economic groupings that take on the characteristic of being exclusionary. The students with social capital will group with similar peers and self perpetuate the segregation. Meritocracy further increases the gap, as the most capable students will be the ones from an advantaged background. The researcher hopes that thse phenomena will resonate through race, ethnicity, gender, and the disabled. In this scenario demands that society make some fundamental changes in correcting its ow n prejudice. Still, Labour has shown a willingness to acknowledge its failures and alter their approach when possible. They have begun to consider the social context of the schools and it can be concluded that educational reform is far from ideal, but continues to evolve as society pulls it along.

Harley-Davidsons strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Harley-Davidsons strategy - judge ExampleThis paper analyses the strategies which helped this follow to establish strong written report in international market.Our vision is to bring to pass dreams by providing extraordinary motorcycles and customer experiences, and by fuelling the passion for freedom in our customers (Harley-Davidson India). In other words, Harley-Davidson is exposed of delivering more than its customers expectations. While most of the companies promise more and deliver less, Harley-Davidson promises less and delivers more. This strategy helps the company to lift its corporate image immensely. Harley-Davidson is considering its customers as the most important elements in its business. Customers atomic number 18 getting high prime(prenominal) services before and the after the purchase of Harley-Davidson motor bikes. The company knows very well that the existing customers are as important as the new customers.Harley-Davidsons mission statement says that we ri de with our customers and apply this plentiful connection in every market we serve to create superior value for all of our stakeholders (HD Values). Harley-Davidson come with is providing individualized services to the customers. In other words, customers of Harley-Davidson have the luxury to get their motorbike after the customization process. The company is ready to do a lot of customization on its bike based on the demands of the individual customers. No other motorcycle manufactures are ready to do so. This strategy is helping the company to satisfy the customer needs in a better manner.Harley-Davidson is keen in improving companys reputation with the help of the observance of some of the key values. Some of the core values, followed in the companys dealing are tell the truth, be fair, keep the promises, respect the individual and encourage the intellectual curiosity (HD Values). unconnected many other companies, Harley-Davidson is keen in telling the truth to all its custom ers

Personality Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Personality Development - Essay ExampleRogers unconditional positive affect is a crucial part of his person centered approach. In this, the therapist accepts the client unconditionally, that is, without judgment, without dis encomium and without approval of their condition. This raises the self regard of the client, and makes the client responsible for their own treatment. It also makes the client aware that he or she has their own feelings, and their own experiences that they themselves must be responsible for. Therefore there can be no blame, if there is a problem within you then you can help yourself to overcome it, with the gentle way of your therapist. This approach is different than those we have already studied this year in as much as it treats a person as an individual, not as a symptom or as a disorder that must be worked on. This theory believes that personality is developed individually, not using a practise of pre-determined factors or believing that we are merely born with a personality already intact.

Human resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human resources - Essay ExampleThe judging procedures require standardisation in enjoin to present a fair platform for all interested participants. As much(prenominal), test design and formation is required when creating a standardised assessment butt on. Test design and validation are key principles in the assessment process during selection of personnel that ensure relevance of tests been administered. In essence, test validation highlights the process of establishing relations mingled with the test administered and the job in question. The validity of a test is critical when selecting a test as it refers to the characteristic being measured and how well the test produces the best results. Validity indicates how authorized the results yielded are in line with the purpose of the test as well as ensuring relevance of the assessment process. What are the key performance dimensions of the instructor who is teaching this course? In your opinion, what should they be? There are th ree main methods of ensuring validation in assessments procedures and they include criterion-related validity, content-related validity, and construct-related validity. Criterion-related validity provides data indicating statistical relationship between test performance and key job factors, which provides predictive information on work behaviour. In this case, an undivided who performs well in such tests is bound to perform better in the job than someone who yielded wretched scores. Content-related validity produces evidence that illustrates the composition of the test demonstrates crucial behaviour in relation to the job. The test dwells on requirements and qualifications of an individual for the desired position. For instance, fire fighters must demonstrate their physical ability in stressful situations and glisten minimum strength required to perform safety procedures associated with their line of work. Finally, construct-related validity refers to the assessment of individual traits such as personality and core values that are critical in delivery on the job. For instance, aim candidates for the position of customer care personnel should exercise tolerance by default in rule to provide efficiently required information to irate customers. Why are clear job specifications chief(prenominal)? What are the costs of imprecise specifications? Provide an example The importance of indicating clear job specification in any organisation cannot be overemphasised as it is of critical value to all. Compiling of job descriptions lies squarely at heart the human resource manager, who is charged with the role of hiring personnel based on tasks to be carried out in the organisation. A clear-cut description highlights what the organisation expects from each employee as it entails the details of personnel roles and duties. This restrains time and resources that could control been otherwise lost in the confusion created by mixed roles and disorganisation within the co mpany. As such, stiff job descriptions provide efficient communication channels within an organisation since every employee is aware of their role. Similarly, the employees occasion aware of the companys mission and vision, as well as explaining how each of them fits into the organisations future. Moreover, clear job specifications help in weeding out unqualified applicants while ensuring the recruitment of qualified personnel. This acts to save the organisation a significant amount of money and thus boosts productivity. From a legal point of

Banking finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Banking finance - Essay Example/books.google.com/books?id=Qs38vbHHOtUC&pg=PA128&dq=banking+and+ appear+markets+and+fiscal+crisis&hl=en&ei=EOiRTO-CMI_eOMHfuYsH&sa=X&oi=book_ give&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAwv=onepage&q=banking%20and%20emerging%20markets%20and%20financial%20crisis&f= assumedhttp//books.google.com/books?id=yozQAazKzKIC&pg=PA213&dq=banking+and+emerging+markets+and+financial+crisis&hl=en&ei=keiRTL-oGsKlOLO6vP8G&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAjgKv=onepage&q=banking%20and%20emerging%20markets%20and%20financial%20crisis&f=falsehttp//books.google.com/books?id=5AVUxdfrYoYC&pg=PA92&dq=banking+and+emerging+markets+and+financial+crisis&hl=en&ei=keiRTL-oGsKlOLO6vP8G&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBDgKv=onepage&q=banking%20and%20emerging%20markets%20and%20financial%20crisis&f=falsehttp//books.google.com/books?id=Zjqh5AH1VAUC&pg=PA75&dq=banking+and+emerging+markets+and+financial+crisis&hl=en&ei=3-iRTKWGOcLfOJSY6N0H&sa=X&oi=book_result &ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAjgUv=onepage&q=banking%20and%20emerging%20markets%20and%20financial%20crisis&f=falsehttp//books.google.com/books?id=J7axGThpaQcC&pg=PA151&dq=banking+and+emerging+markets+and+financial+crisis&hl=en&ei=3-iRTKWGOcLfOJSY6N0H&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBDgUv=onepage&q=banking%20and%20emerging%20markets%20and%20financial%20crisis&f=falsehttp//books.google.com/books?id=O99_n-1hLGgC&pg=PA212&dq=banking+and+emerging+markets+and+financial+crisis&hl=en&ei=LumRTOmuLo2AOK_xyIYI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAzgev=onepage&q=banking%20and%20emerging%20markets%20and%20financial%20crisis&f=falsehttp//books.google.com/books?id=Y5nFJXzfsZ4C&pg=PA98&dq=banking+and+emerging+markets+and+financial+crisis&hl=en&ei=XumRTMS8NYzyOYTjoOIH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDIQ6AEwATgov=onepage&q=banking%20and%20emerging%20markets%20and%20financial%20crisis&f=falsehttp//books.google.com/books?id=NUsoeeI7O8sC&pg=PA199&dq=b anking

Estimation of the value of gravitational acceleration g based on Essay - 2

Estimation of the value of gravitational acceleration g based on measurements from a simple pendulum - Essay ExampleThe experiment entails releasing a mount that is attached at the end of a string with an initial angle (). The angle is so lilliputian such that the sin can be approximated to just making this motion to be simple harmonic. It involves jive the ball for a given number of oscillations and observing the age it takes to make those oscillations. From that information, we can obtain the cartridge clip per oscillation. This time taken per oscillation is obtained for different distances of the string. The relationship 42/slope is then use to estimate the value of the acceleration due to gravity, g.The main aim of the pendulum experiment is to determine the effect that the length of the string has on the blockage taken by the pendulum to make a complete oscillation. It also aims at determining a relationship between the length and the period and also estimating a value for g.The supposal for this experiment is that the value for g obtained by any of the experiments available should be approximately equal to 9.8m/s2. The period taken by the pendulum is independent of the mass of the attached object and the initial angle. The period depends on the length of the string and the acceleration of gravity (Wilson & Hernndez-Hall 2009).3. Set the pendulum swinging through a small angle. Then, measure the time for the period of oscillations (hint think of a good method here measuring the period based on a single oscillation might not be a good idea).The analysis complex plotting a graph of T2 against L. since the graph should be linear, the students used simple linear regression to come up with a linear graph. (Michael, Matthew, Gauld, & Stinner 2010).The results support the objective of the experiment. The students were able to determine the relationship between T2 and L by plotting the graph and obtaining the gradient. Additionally, they were able to c ompute the value for the acceleration due to gravity, g, with a relative error of

Business Economics Essay Example for Free

Business Economics EssayCindy wants to endue in a new business that involves the installation of solar panels. In order to make an informed stopping point on this business venture, she provide need to review potential profit/loss in the solar panel patience by considering future prospects for this type of business. Cindy also needs to decide whether she will invest her own funds or borrow the money to start the business.The imminent growth of the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry is almost certain. When observing the rising costs of ember and natural gas prices, the decrease of PV carcass costs, and the government support of solar technology, the PV market looks to have a significant increase in raft over the next few years. According to SolarBuzz, a website dedicated to Solar Power and Energy, The solar PV industry has reached a critical tipping point, with end-market contract hitting record levels almost every quarter. This growth is being control by leading module supp liers and project developers that returned to profitability during 2013, and which have now established highly-effective global gross revenue and marketing networks. (NPD Group, Inc., 2013)The article also states that demand in Q114 will also achieve record-breaking status, as the strongest first-quarter ever seen by the PV industry. (NPD Group, Inc., 2013) The cost of production for solar panels has decreased significantly. The average cost for layer 1 solar photovoltaic manufacturers is expected to fall 6% during 2014, continuing the downward trend install in place since 2008, bringing the overall cost to a record low of $0.20 per watt, according to the in vogue(p) research from NPD. (NPD Group, Inc., 2013) Further consumer incentives include lower utility bills, increased tax credits and higher resale values. Homes with solar- position outline using photovoltaic (PV) panels sell for an average of $24,705 more than homes without PV systems, research finds. (Tanaka, 2014)The go vernment supports the concept of solar power and aims to make it a major life force source. Solar power as cheap as coal that is the holy grail of the solar power industry (R. Glenn Hubbard, 2012) Government support includes generous subsidies to the consumer and producers of the PV industry. Government agencies, utilities and others hold out a variety of tax credits, rebates and other incentives to support energy efficiency, encourage the use of renewable energy sources, and support efforts to conserve energy and lessen pollution. (Energy, 2014) I see four main factors influencing the price snap bean of demand Availability of close substitutes.Are there many available close substitutes for solar panels? The demand will tend to be elastic if Cindy and her customer can switch among the various types of PVs for the identical desired feature. Are PVs a necessity or a luxury?Currently, PVs would be considered an elastic form of energy because there are other forms of electricity (co al/power plants). We once considered face-to-face computers a luxury and they are now a necessity. Perhaps PVs will be viewed the equivalent way in the future. How much of my income will PVs consume?A large portion of consumers income equals elasticity. What portion of income can your client devote to the cost of solar panels? If it is a large share (elastic), what tradeoffs will client need to consider to make it a worthwhile purchase? What is the time horizon when fashioning decisions on PVs? PV systems have productive life cycles of 30-50 years. (Brownson, 2014) A longer time horizon is utter to be elastic.RecommendationsUpon review of various criteria such as elasticity of demand, cost of production, etc, I would encourage Cindy to abide by this business venture. This sector is set to grow exponentially in the future. The fall in solar PV prices as well as other incentives will cause higher demand forinstallation. This will benefit Cindys new business venture by bringing mo re installation business and lower remark costs. This can be seen in the demand supply figureIt also makes good economic moxie for Cindy to borrow money for her solar panel business venture as the government provides various subsidies to businesses compound in clean energy. In total, the federal energy tax subsidies will cost more than $16 billion in 2013, up from only $5 billion in 2005. (Bastach, 2013) Cindy can benefit from a piece of the clean energy subsidy pie.BibliographyBastach, M. (2013, March 13). Most energy tax subsidies go toward putting green energy, energy efficiency. Retrieved from The Daily Caller http//dailycaller.com/2013/03/14/cbo-most-energy-tax-subsidies-go-toward-green-energy-energy-efficiency/ Brownson, J. (2014, May 25). Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering. Retrieved from Penn State University https//www.e-education.psu.edu/eme810/ customer/593 Energy, U. D. (2014, may 25). Tax Credits, Rebates, and Savings. Retrieved from Energy.gov http//energ y.gov/savings NPD Group, Inc. (2013, December). Solarbuzz. Retrieved from Solarbuzz http//www.solarbuzz.com/news/recent-findings/strong-growth-forecast-solar-pv-industry-2014-demand-reaching-49-gw R. Glenn Hubbard, A. P. (2012). Economics. VitalSouce bookshelf version. Tanaka, S. (2014, May 22). Payback Time for Solar-Power Energy Systems. Retrieved from The Wall highway Journal http//online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304198504579571960667560156?mg=reno64-wsjurl=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304198504579571960667560156.html

Acquisition is a High Risky Strategy Essay Example for Free

Acquisition is a High happeny Strategy EssayIn the literature, several motives for takeovers bemuse been identified. One is the desire for synergy. That is, comparableities or complementarities amid the acquiring and stub unshakables argon judge to exit in the combined value of the enterprises exceeding their worth as separate firms (Collis and Montgomery, 1998). A morsel motive involves the expectation that acquirers can extract value because target companies have been managed inefficiently (Varaiya, 1987).A one-third motive is attributed to managerial hubris the nonion that senior executives, in overestimating their own abilities, acquire companies they believe could be managed to a greater extent than(prenominal)(prenominal) profitably under their control. Agency theory motive is the anticipation that firm expansion ordain substantiatively impact the compensation of top managers since there tends to be a direct relation between firm size and executive ges tate.Contemporary specialists contend that managerial self-control incentives may be judge to have divergent impacts on in incarnated scheme and firm value. This premise has been recognized in previous studies. For instance, Stulz (1988) has examined the will power of managers of target companies and has proposed that the relationship between that willpower and the value of target firms may initially be positive and then subsequently become negative with rising insider possession.Moreover, Shivdasani (1993) empirically shows that the relationship of the ownership structure of target companies with the value of hostile bids is not uniformly positive. McConnell and Servaes (1990) have likewise analyzed the relationship of equity ownership among corporate insiders and Tobins q. Their results demonstrate a non-monotonic relation between Tobins q and insider equity stakes. Wright et al. (1996 451) have shown a non-linear relationship between insider ownership and corporate strate gy cerebrate to firm risk taking.Ownership Incentives and Changes in Company Risk Motivating AcquisitionsAn role-theoretic motive for learnednesss has been used to explain managerial preferences for risk-reducing corporate strategies (Wright et al., 1996). The implication is that both principals and agents prefer acquiring target companies with richlyer rather than disappoint egests. In that, shareholders and managers have congruent interests.The interests, however, diverge in terms of risk considerations associated with acquisitions. Because shareholders possess diversified portfolios, they may only be concerned with systematic risk and be indifferent to the total variance of returns associated with a takeover. Senior managers may alternatively prefer risk-reducing corporate strategies, unless they are granted ownership incentives. That is because they can not exchange their human capital invested in the firm.In the literature, it has been argued that agency costs may be re duced as managerial ownership incentives rise. The reason is that, as ownership incentives rise, the financial interests of insiders and shareholders will begin to converge. Analysts conjecture, however, that much(prenominal) incentives may not consistently provide senior executives the motivation to lessen the agency costs associated with an acquisition strategy. Inherent is the presumption that the nature of executive wealth portfolios will differently influence their attitudes toward corporate strategy. The private wealth portfolios of top managers are comprised of their ownership of shares/options in the firm, the income produced from their employment, and pluss mis related to to the firm.Presumably, as senior executives increase their equity stakes in the enterprise, their personal wealth portfolios become correspondingly less diversified. Although stockholders can diversify their wealth portfolios, top executives have less flexibility if they own comforting shares in the firms they manage. Hence, if a significant portion of managers wealth is concentrated in one investment, then they may find it prudent to diversify their firms via risk-reducing acquisitions.In the related literature, however, takeovers and risk taking have been approached differently from the set forth approach. Amihud and Lev (1999) have contended that insiders employment income is significantly related to the firms functioning. Thus, managers are confronted with risks associated with their income if the maintenance of that income is dependent on achieving predetermined performance targets. Reasonably, in the even sot of either corporate underperformance or firm failure, CEOs not only may sustain their current employment income but also may seriously suffer in the managerial campaign market, since their future earnings potential with other enterprises may be lowered. Hence, the risk of executives employment income is impacted by the firms risk. The ramification of Amihud and Levs (1999) contentions is that top managers will tend to lower firm risk, and therefore their own employment risk, by acquiring companies that contribute to stabilizing of the firms income, even if shareholder wealth is adversely affected.Consistent with the implications of Amihud and Levs arguments, Agrawal and Mandelker (1987) have withal suggested that managers with negligible ownership stakes may adopt risk-reducing corporate strategies because such(prenominal) strategies may well pay heed their own personal interests. With ownership incentives, however, managers may be more likely to acquire risk-enhancing target companies, in line with the requirement of wealth maximization for shareholders. The notion that at negligible managerial ownership levels, perverting risk-reducing acquisition strategies may be emphasized, but with change magnitude ownership incentive levels, beneficial risk-enhancing acquisitions may be more prevalent is also suggested in other domesticates (G rossman and Hoskisson, 1998). The conclusion of these investigations is that the relationship between insider ownership and risk enhancing, worthy corporate acquisitions is linear and positive.Some experts assert that CEOs personal wealth concentration will induce senior managers to undertake risk-reducing firm strategies. Portfolio theorys expectation suggests that investors or owner-managers may desire to diversify their personal wealth portfolios. For instance, Markowitz (1952 89) has asserted that investors may wish to diversify across industries because firms in different industries. . . have lower covariances than firms within an industry. Moreover, as argued by Sharpe (1964 441), diversification enables the investor to escape all but the risk resulting from swings in stinting activity. Consequently, managers with substantial equity investments in the firm may diversify the firm via risk-reducing acquisitions in order to diversify their own personal wealth portfolios. Becaus e they may be especially concerned with risk-reducing acquisitions, however, their corporate strategies may not enhance firm value through takeovers, although managerial intention may be to boost corporate value.The above discussion is compatible with complementary arguments that suggest that insiders may acquire non-value-maximizing target companies although their intentions may be to enhance returns to shareholders. For instance, according to the synergy view, charm takeovers may be motivated by an ex-ante concern for increasing corporate value, many such acquisitions are not associated with an increase in firm value.Alternatively, according to the hubris hypothesis, even though insiders may intend to acquire targets that they believe could be managed more profitably under their control, such acquisitions are not ordinarily related to higher profitability. If acquisitions which are undertaken primarily with insider expectations that they will financially utility owners do not re alize higher performance, then those acquisitions which are primarily motivated by a risk-reducing desire may likewise not be associated with beneficial outcomes for owners. Additionally, it can be argued that shareholders can more efficiently diversify their own portfolios, making it unnecessary for managers to diversify the firm in order to deliver the goods portfolio diversification for shareholders.Risk Associated with HRM practices in International AcquisitionsThere are a number of reasons why the HRM policies and practices of multinational corporations (MNCs) and cross-border acquisitions are likely to be different from those found in municipal firms (Dowling, Schuler and Welch, 1993). For one, the difference in geographical spread means that acquisitions must normally engage in a number of HR activities that are not needed in domestic firms such as providing relocation and orientation assistance to expatriates, administering world(prenominal) job rotation programmes, an d dealing with multinational union activity.Second, as Dowling (1988) points out, the personnel policies and practices of MNCs are likely to be more complex and diverse. For instance, complex salary and income taxation issues are likely to arise in acquisitions because their pay policies and practices have to be administered to many different groups of subsidiaries and employees, located in different countries. Managing this diversity may come a number of co-ordination and communication problems that do not arise in domestic firms. In science of these difficulties, most large internationalist companies retain the services of a major accounting firm to take in there is no tax incentive or disincentive associated with a particular international assignment.Finally, there are more stakeholders that influence the HRM policies and practices of international firms than those of domestic firms. The major stakeholders in private organizations are the shareholders and the employees. pla inly one could also think of unions, consumer organizations and other pressure groups. These pressure groups also exist in domestic firms, but they often put more pressure on foreign than on local companies. This in all probability means that international companies need to be more risk averse and concerned with the social and semipolitical environment than domestic firms.Acquisitions and HRM Practices Evidence from Japan, the US, and EuropeIn contemporary context, international human imagination steering faces important challenges, and this trend characterizes many Nipponese, US and European acquisitions. From the critical point of view, Japanese companies experience more problems associated with international human imaging management than companies from the US and Europe (Shibuya, 2000). Lack of home-country personnel sufficient international management skills has been widely recognized in literature as the most difficult problem liner Japanese companies and simultaneously o ne of the most significant of US and European acquisitions as well.The statement implies that cultivating such skills is difficult and that they are relatively rare among businessmen in any country. Japanese companies may be particularly prone to this problem due to their heavy use of home-country nationals in overseas management positions. European and Japanese acquisitions also experience the inadequacy of home country personnel who want to work abroad, while it is less of an impediment for the US companies.In the US acquisitions expatriates often experience reentry difficulties (e.g., career disruption) when re turn to the home country This problem was the one most often cited by US firms. Today Japanese corporations report the relatively lower relative incidence of expatriate reentry difficulties, and it is surprising given the vivid accounts of such problems at Japanese firms by White (1988) and Umezawa (1990). However, the more active role of the Japanese personnel departmen t in coordinating career paths, the tradition of semiannual musical-chair-like personnel shuffles (jinji idoh), and the continuing efforts of Japanese stationed overseas to maintain impede contact with provide might underlie the lower level of difficulties in this area for Japanese firms (Inohara, 2001).In contrast, the decentralized structures of many US and European firms may serve to isolate expatriates from their home-country headquarters, making reentry more problematic. Also, late downsizing at US and European firms may reduce the number of appropriate management positions for expatriates to return to, or may sever expatriates relationships with colleagues and mentors at headquarters. Furthermore, within the context of the lifetime employment system, individual Japanese employees have particular to gain by voicing reentry concerns to personnel managers. In turn, personnel managers need not pay a great deal of attention to reentry problems because they will usually not resu lt in a resignation. In western firms, reentry problems need to be taken more seriously by personnel managers because they frequently result in the loss of a valued employee.A further possible explanation for the higher incidence of expatriate reentry problems in western multinationals is the greater tendency of those companies to implement a policy of transferring local nationals to headquarters or other international operations. Under such a policy, the definition of expatriate expands beyond home-country nationals to encompass local nationals who transfer outside their home countries. It may even be that local nationals who return to a local operation after working at headquarters or other international operations may have their own special varieties of reentry problems.Literature on international human resource practices in Japan, the US and Europe suggest that the major strategic difficulty for the MNCs is to attract high-caliber local nationals to work for the company. In gene ral, acquisitions may face greater challenges in hiring high-caliber local employees than do domestic firms due to lack of name recognition and fewer relationships with educators or others who might recommend candidates.However, researchers suggest that this issue is significantly more difficult for Japanese than for US and European multinationals. When asked to describe problems encountered in establishing their US affiliates, 39.5% of the respondents to a Japan monastic order survey cited finding qualified American managers to work in the affiliate and 30.8% cited hiring a qualified workforce (Bob SRI, 2001). Similarly, a survey of Japanese companies operating in the US conducted by a human resource consulting firm found that 35% felt recruiting personnel to be very difficult or passing difficult, and 56% felt it to be difficult (The Wyatt Company, 1999). In addition to mentioned problem, Japanese acquisition encounter high local employee turnover, which is significantly more problematic for them due to the near-total absence of turnover to which they are accustomed in Japan.The US, European and Japanese companies admit very rarely that they encounter local legal challenges to their personnel policies. However, in pretend to Japanese acquisitions large amount of press coverage has been given to lawsuits against Japanese companies in the United States and a Japanese Ministry of Labor Survey in which 57% of the 331 respondents indicated that they were facing potential equal employment opportunity-related lawsuits in the United States (Shibuya, 2000).ConclusionThis research investigates whether corporate acquisitions with shared technological resources or participation in similar product markets realize superior economic returns in comparison with orthogonal acquisitions. The rationale for superior economic performance in related acquisitions derives from the synergies that are expected through a combination of supplementary or complementary resources.It is clear from the results of this research that acquired firms in related acquisitions have higher returns than acquired firms in unrelated acquisitions. This implies that the related acquired firm benefits more from the acquirer than the unrelated acquired firm. The higher returns for the related acquired firms suggest that the combination with the acquirers resources has higher value implications than the combination of two unrelated firms. This is supported by the higher total wealth gains which were observed in related acquisitions.I did however, in the case of acquiring firms, find that the abnormal returns right off attributable to the acquisition transaction are not significant. There are reasons to believe that the announcement set up of the transaction on the returns to acquirers are less easily detected than for target firms. First, an acquisition by a firm affects only part of its businesses, while affecting all the assets (in control-oriented acquisitions) of the targe t firm. Thus the measurability of effectuate on acquirers is attenuated. Second, if an acquisition is one event in a series of implicit moves constituting a diversification program, its individual effect as a market signal would be mitigated.It is also likely that the a priori argument which postulates that related acquisitions create wealth for acquirers may be underspecified. Relatedness is often multifaceted, suggesting that the resources of the target firm may be of value to many firms, thus increasing the relative bargaining power of the target twin the potential buyers. Even in the absence of explicit competition for the target (multiple bidding), the premiums paid for control are a substantial fraction of the total gains available from the transaction.For managers, some implications from the research can be offered. First, it seems preferably clear from the data that a firm seeking to be acquired will realize higher returns if it is interchange to a related than an unrel ated firm. This counsel is consistent with the view that the market recognizes synergistic combinations and values them accordingly.Second, managers in acquiring firms may be advised to scrutinize carefully the expected gains in related and unrelated acquisitions. For managers the issue of concern is not whether or not a given kind of acquisition creates a significant total amount of wealth, but what percentage of that wealth they can expect to accrue to their firms. Thus, although acquisitions involving related technologies or product market yield higher total gains, pricing mechanisms in the market for corporate acquisitions reflect the gains primarily on the target company. Interpreting these results conservatively, one may offer the argument that expected gains for acquiring firms are competed away in the bidding process, with stockholders of target firms obtaining high proportions of the gains.On a practical level this research underscores the need to combine what may be calle d the theoretical with the practical. In the case of acquisitions, hardheaded issues like implicit and explicit competition for a target firm alter the theoretical expectations of gains from an acquisition transaction. Further efforts to clarify these issues theoretically and empirically will increase our understanding of these important phenomena.BibliographySharpe WF. 1964. Capital asset prices a theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. diary of pay 19 425-442Markowitz H. 1952. Portfolio selections. Journal of finance 7 77-91Grossman W, Hoskisson R. 1998. CEO pay at the crossroads of Wall Street and Main toward the strategic invention of executive compensation. honorary society of Management Executive 12 43-57Amihud Y, Lev B. 1999. Does corporate ownership structure affect its strategy towards diversification? Strategic Management Journal 20(11) 1063-1069Agrawal A, Mandelker G. 1987. Managerial incentives and corporate investment and financing decisions. Journal of Finance 42 823-837Wright P, Ferris S, Sarin A, Awasthi V. 1996. The impact of corporate insider, blockholder, and institutional equity ownership on firm risk-taking. Academy of Management Journal 39 441-463McConnell JJ, Servaes H. 1990. Additional evidence on equity ownership and corporate value. Journal of Financial Economics 27 595-612.Shivdasani A. 1993. Board composition, ownership structure, and hostile takeovers. Journal of Accounting and Economics 16 167-198Stulz RM. 1988. Managerial control of voting rights financing policies and the market for corporate control. Journal of Financial Economics 20 25-54Varaiya N. 1987. Determinants of premiums in acquisition transactions. Managerial and Decision Economics 14 175-184Collis D, Montgomery C. 1998. Creating corporate advantage. Harvard Business look backward 76(3) 71-83White, M. 1988. The Japanese overseas Can they go home again? New York The Free Press.Bob, D., SRI International. 2001. Japanese companies in American communi ties. New York The Japan Society.

Language and memory Essay Example for Free

Language and memory EssayLimitations with the use up included the sample straddle being too small. This means that it is difficult to crop generalisations because 20 undergrad students cannot possibly be representative of the sample population. In order to improve the experiment, a wider sample range could be used, including people from different age groups and ethnic backgrounds.Another limitation was gender bias. The driver in the vignette was male which could take a shit meant that male participants may have been more sympathetic to him when giving an estimation. If a female character had been used, the results may have been different. This could be improved by using two sample groups, both with female characters, but again with either the smashed into condition or bumped into condition.The results of this and previous studies have a number of implications in todays society. Loftus and Palmers work (1974), showed how changing a verb in a sentence, can extrapolate witn ess recall of a car accident. These findings have major implications for the Legal Justice Systems. In a study by Rattner (1988), a review of 205 cases of wrongful arrest showed that 52% of the cases were associated with mistaken eyewitness testimonies. These results highlighted the undependability of eyewitness testimony.Other studies have demonstrated that witnesses sometimes cannot attribute memory to its appropriate sources, or that they make source attribution errors. When witnesses get information from other witnesses and from the police, then their own recollection is likely to be contaminated (Fisher, 1995). This is yet further evidence suggesting that there should be less dependence on eyewitness testimony, and with the arrival of advanced gene technology, it is now possible to use alternative sources of evidence.ReferencesCarlson, N. R., Buskist, W., Martin, G. N. (2000). Psychology The Science of Behaviour, 266-267Loftus, E. F. and Palmer, J. E. (1974). reconstructive me mory of automobile destruction an example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of communicative Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 13, 585-589.Fisher, R. P., (1995). Interviewing victims and witnesses of crime. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 1(4), 732-764.Nisha Ghei Eyewitness Practical

Uniqueness and Importance of Medieval Music Essay Example for Free

Uniqueness and Importance of knightly Music EssayThe unisonal compvirtuosont of the knightly period is noted to control been one of the roughly cardinal tuneful experiences in history. Every aspects of medieval medicinal drug that have survived left legacies that deeply regard two(prenominal) the unspeakable and blase tuneful structure of today. Nonetheless, the harmony that permeated at that period has tangibly contributed in the euphonyal heritage and tradition of present day society, most especially those of the Catholic Church. In this regard, it is because an imp geological erative to look back on the historical over chance of medieval practice of medicine and its importance in the welkin of music as a whole. mediaeval Music knightly music is identified as the music that permeated in Europe during the middle or medieval ages. The state era covered the periods ranging from the Roman conglomerates fall and ascent of Gregory the Great to papacy, unti l approximately the early fifteenth century. This underframe of music excludes that of the snarled Empire, which is noted to have a separate development. Basically, medieval music is divided into two principal categories the holy and secular. As Christianity was a dominant force during the medieval era, entire musical style was unquestionable in club to support it.Therefore, sacred music was either inspired or set by the scriptural text. Sacred music was captainly composed in install to pay homage to God. Unlike sacred music, secular music has not been observed early in the tell period. Yet medieval secular music played a significant role during the medieval period as it was created for the purpose of its delight value such as for dance or expressing ones love, which deeply reflects the lifestyle during that era ( chivalrous music Birth of polyphony). Early Medieval Sacred Music ChantThe earliest body of melody documented from the medieval period was the chant, which is so metimes referred to as plainchant or plainchant. Chant is a monophonic, or music with just one part, which has been the earliest form of music employ by the Catholic church. The figure of the nun Egeria from her pilgrimage to Jerusalem from circa 400 AD was noted as the earliest indorse of plainchant practice. The account includes descriptions pertaining to psalms and singing (Cyrus). The evolution of chant was accounted to various regional liturgies like the Roman, Gallican, Celtic, Ambrosian, Mozarabic and the likes.Likewise, the traditions of the tortuous Church as well as the Jewish synagogues psalm singing were pointed as strong influences in the process of chants (Medieval music). Over the next years, the practice of chant act to develop until it became an important component in the majority and office that is familiar among the students of the medieval church (Cyrus). It is noted that the adaptation of chant in the liturgical practice was a result of the spiritual r eforms spearheaded by Charlemagne, who perceive the church as an important body that would enable him to unify his empire.He then replaced the regional varieties of plainsong with a single unified version. According to biographers, approximately in the ninth century Charlemagne decided to pack for the supervision of Rome in order to have the doctrinally unified versions of the chant. The resultant liturgical practice is commonly know as the Gregorian Chant, which is acknowledged as the central musical tradition in Europe during the medieval period (Medieval music n. p. ).Gregorian chant was named so in approve of Pope Gregory I, who is believed to have organized most 3,000 melodies for the Roman Catholic worship. Such form of chant interblend antique melodies, coming from the oral traditions of sources like Greek, Hebraic and Eastern, with the early Christian churches liturgical prayers (Pen). It is believed that many of the Gregorian chants were scripted in the western monaste ries during the reign of Charlemagne (Medieval music). The music of the church is divided into chants use for the mass and for the office.Chants for the mass are a combination of celebrating the word of God and the Holy Eucharist, while chants for the office or ordinary are those that are part of the churches insouciant serve which includes psalms and prayers. The text that change daily are know as proper, while the stable texts which are repeated for most of the church services are tagged as ordinary (Cyrus n. p. ). Plainchant fuses text and tunes so as to function as a prayer, while the Latin text serves as the musical rhythm dictator in order for the text and tune to exactly correspond with each other.Normally, the melodic contour of such music is wrought by the words direction, which is set syllabically, making the text understandable. Other chants are also set in a melismatical manner where in one syllable is sustained over several notes for the purpose of ornamenting and e mphasizing important syllables (Pen 119) and neumatic melodies where the music contains two to five notes for each syllable. Every service is embedded with a mixture of the said styles, making the liturgical action more dramatic (Cyrus). Notation The Carolingian cantors adapted almost four-spot thousand chants every church year.In order to organize the imported chants they developed systems that organize the musical materials involved. As music during the early medieval period was not written down, the pressures of memorizing every song is mayhap the very reason why the Carolingian cantors created the system of notation. The system of church modes, wherein chants are classified fit to their range, central pitch or final and melodic idioms were also developed. Alongside with the development of notation systems, liturgical books became widespread, regularizing the liturgical practice (Cyrus).Notation Improvements By the end of the ninth century until the 12th century both composers and performers created means for the liturgical process to prosper. Various feasts were developed alongside with revolutionary chants. Liturgical compositions from the past were copied through the use of a new system known as staff notation which was developed by Guido of Arezzo. Such notation was able to specify pitches of a melody through the combination of staff or set of horizontal lines and one or more clefs in order to identify the pitches of the chant.Guido also created a sightsinging system involving solmization, a process where pre-assigned syllables are used for certain pitches (Cyrus). Additionally, other improvements in the sacred medieval music were observed such as the polyphony. Early polyphony As plainchant was sung slowly and with step to the fore rhythm or harmony, perhaps sacred composers grew weary of the chants and began experimenting with their music by adding musical lines in order to create harmony. This is known as polyphonic music, which gave birth to har mony. Around the end of ninth century, monastery singers like Switzerlands St.Gall added congressman in parallel motion to the chant, wherein they can sing in perfect musical intervals of the fourth and fifth together with the original tune. Such development is known as organum, which is considered as the reservoir of counterpoint, an important feature of music where two or more melodic strands occur simultaneously (Medieval music n. p. ). From then on, the organum developed into several ways. The Florid organum is one of the most significant forms of organum that was developed around 1100 in the south-west of France.Also referred to as the school of St. Martial, named after a monastery in France that is noted to have the best-preserved manuscripts of such musical style, Florid organum is incorporated within the chants in such a way that the original tune is being sung in long notes, while another voice would serve as an accompaniment by singing many notes to each of the original piece that is often done in highly elaborate fashion in order to further emphasize the perfect consonances of the music (Medieval musicn. p. ). Middle Medieval MusicSubsequent developments of the organum took place in England, specifically at Notre boo in Paris, which is said to be the center of musical creativity all through the 13th century. The emergence of the Notre Dame School of Polyphony around 1150 until 1250 is said to be the vehicle for a more modernised form of the organum, and paved way for the beginning of Ars Antiquaa period in which rhythmic notation is recognized in the Western music a period that greatly applies the method of rhythmic notation which is known as the rhythmic modes (Medieval music n. p. ).Basically, Notre Dame organum employs three distinct rhythmic styles that adheres to the rhythmic modes (1) organum purum wherein both upper and lower voice freely moves without a specific rhythm to follow, (2) copula which upper voice moves in accordance to a str ict rhythm while the lower voice moves freely, and (3) discant wherein both the upper and lower voice follows a strict rhythm (Cyrus n. p. ). Also this period, the concept of formal structure emerged, allowing composers to become more attentive with proportions, architectural effects and musical texture.Composers of the said period created various musical forms such as the clasulae, melismatic (technique of placing several noted in a single syllable of text) parts of the organa are extracted and fitted with new wordings so as to improve musical elaboration the versus or the monophonic conductus has a structure known as strophic, wherein the music is repeated for each successive stanza of the liturgical reading or poetry and the frame where new musical and textual materials are added to a pre- be liturgical composition, most especially the precedent chants of the mass and the short chants of the ordinary.Trope singers, which are usually soloist, can come before, in the middle or af ter the host chant or choral they simply amplify the meaning of the original composition. In some cases, tropes inject dialog and short interludes within the music as such, they are though to be the forerunners in the field of liturgical drama which also emerged in this period (Cyrus n. p. ). Sequence also emerged during the era of liturgical consolidation in the medieval period. Sequence is identified as a separate form of choral composition that follows the Alleluia during mass.Credited to Notker Balbulus, sequence is a syllabic genre that contains irregular phrase lengths. In this type of chant genre, the musical lines normally contain one to four clauses, while the entirety of the music is often repeated before starting a new musical material (Cyrus n. p. ). The motet is profoundly one of the most significant forms of music created during the Middle Ages, specifically during the early parts of the Notre Dame period. Made out of the clausula, motet is focused on the usage of mult iple voices, as stated by European composer, Perotin.Motet was further developed into a greater form of musical elaboration and sophistication during the 14th century which is noted as the era of Ars Nova (Medieval Music). Secular Music Although the plainchant was dominant in the sacred musical landscape of the middle age, other musical forms were used for the purpose of secular expression (Pen 119). Secular music existed in the shadow of secular music during the medieval period as most of the music scribes in this era were inclined in the creation of sacred music.Likewise, Medieval secular music was usually passed along orally and are rarely written down. As such, only limited number of composition has survived. Nonetheless, those existing copies of secular music serve as a vehicle for present day people to view the life at court in town during Middle Age. One of the earliest surviving music in secular form was accounted to the Goliards, who are wandering poet-musicians in Europe d uring the tenth until the mid-thirteenth century. Their secular compositions were fused in an early thirteenth century musical collection known as the Carmina Burana. However, due to the indecipherable notation, the reconstruction of the actual secular melodic sounds created by the Goliards was impossible, except for some pieces that have similarities with sacred music (Cyrus n. p. ). Most of the poetry created by the Goliards are secular in form, while some songs celebrate religious ideals and others are notably profane that tackles drunkenness, lechery as well as debauchery (Medieval Music). The secular music of the Troubadours of southern France and the Trouveres of the northern region are said to be the largest collection of secular music.The music created by the said groups are from their poems and utilized the vernacular tradition of monophonic secular music that are probably accompanied by varying instruments and performed by professionals ranging from skilled poets, singer s and instrumentalists. Likewise, their poems have adopted the language of their regionsTroubadours used lyrics written in Occitan also referred to as old Provencal or langue doc while the Trouveres used old French or langue doil.The music of the Troubadours was complimentary with the cultural life of Provence. Typically, their music describes war, dignified love and chivalry. Troubadour musical period lasted through the twelfth century until the first decade of the thirteenth century. The abrupt end of the Troubadour period was accounted to the Albigensian crusade, a campaign spearheaded by Pope artless III, which aims to eliminate Albigensian heresy, thererby eliminating the whole civilization of the Troubadours.Troubadour survivors of the fierce campaign migrated to Spain, Federal France or Northern Italy, where their musical inclination is said to have contributed in the secular music tradition of the said places (Medieval Music). The music of the Trouveres, on the other hand , was similar to that of the Troubadours. However, they were unaffected by the extermination directed towards the Albigenses inappropriate the Troubadours, allowing their music to survive until the thirteenth century.Most of the 2,000 surviving songs of the Trouveres showed musical sophistication that deeply highlights the poems it accompanied. Other than the Goliards, Troubadours and Trouveres, large numbers of secular songs were also composed by civilization such as the Minnesingers, who are said to be the German counterpart of the Troubadours and Trouveres, and the Flagellants, who were noted for the geisslelieder songs that aims to appease the anger and wrath of God through this penitential music along with the mortification of their bodies (Medieval Music).

The Effects of Government Intervention Essay Example for Free

The Effects of governing body Intervention Es jointWhat is the government? What is the government agency of the government? How does the government twine the economy? What pitifullife we say ab appear the effects of the government yield in Romania? These ar some of the questions that wewill try to answer during our case of study.We are citizens of a gild, and our society is based on proper rules enacted and en pressure by the high powers of our secernates. We need to act responsibly and declare ourselves, as much as we can, regarding this problem. The people from the government, how did they get there? How is the government organized? How are they elect? By which criteria are these people elected? What are their attributes and what are their initiatives? We must know if they learnly influence our lives, our economyTaxes, import and export restrictions, tariffs, unscathedsale interest rates are barely a set off of the governments duties to be established. Is the governments capital, in fact our money? And if they are our money, how do they spend it, on what, and why? These are some things that must concern us.And now, we should focus on our country, Romania, and, of course, on ourselves. Even though Romania is a country of considerable potential in most of the fields, its economy is rattling fragile. Our economy is strong related to the European economy, and some of these connections between our economy and the international economy are made by the government.Most of the people tend to blemish the president, the government, the parliament etc. for the fragility of our economy, and to us it skill seem not to work, but we drop to bear in mind that this is the effect of the whole nations actions and of the worlds as well.In the pages that follow we presented subjectively and objectively our ideas concerning the effects of the governments influence on Romanias economy, starting with explaining that is the government and which is the govern ments eccentric in the economy.The government activity political sympathies refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a adduce at a given time, and to the carcass of government by which they are organized. government is the means bywhich state policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state. A form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized. Synonyms intromit regime fount and system of government.The word government is derived from the Latin verb gubernare, an infinitive meaning to govern or to manage. The administration is the ordinary authority of executive power that functions on the basis of the vote of confidence granted by Parliament, ensures the achievement of the countrys domestic and foreign policy and that exercises the general leadership of mankind administration. The Gove rnment is appointed by the President of Romania on the basis of the vote of confidence granted to the Government by Parliament.ObjectivesThe Government has the fiber of ensuring balanced functioning and development of national economic and social system, and its connection to the world economic system art object promoting national interests. The Government is organized and operates in accordance with constitutional provisions, on the basis of the Government program approved by Parliament.OrganizationThe Government consists of old Minister and Ministers. Prime Minister leads the Government and coordinates the activities of its members, in compliance with their effectual duties. The working apparatus of the Government is composed of the working apparatus of the Prime Minister, Secretariat General of the Government, departments and other similar organizational structures with specific tasks set by Government Decision.legislative processThe Government adopts decisions and ordinance s.Decisions are issued for law enforcement organization. Ordinances are issued under a special enabling law, indoors the limits and conditions specified by it. The decisions and ordinances adopted by the Government are signed by Prime Minister, countersigned by the Ministers who are duty bound to implement them and are published in the Official Gazette. The non publication entails the absence of a decision or ordinance. Decisions with military character shall be conveyed only to the institutions concerned.Legislative initiativesThe following public authorities start the right to initiate draft public policy documents and draft legislative acts for toleration / approval by the Government, according to their tasks and activity field Ministries and other specialized bodies of central public administration, subordinated to the Government, and autonomous administrative authorities specialized bodies of central public administration subordinated or coordinated by Ministries, by th e Ministries under whose subordination or coordination they are Prefects, county councils, the General Council of Bucharest, according to the law, through the Ministry of Interior and Administrative Reform.Governments government agency in the EconomyWhile consumers and producers make most decisions that mold the economy, government activities exact a mightily effect on the Roumanian economy in at least five areas. Stabilization and Growth. perhaps most all important(p)ly, the federal government guides the overall pace of economic activity, attempting to maintain steady growth, high levels of employment, and equipment casualty stability. By adjusting outlay and tax rates (fiscal policy) or man age the money supply and controlling the use of ascribe ( fiscal policy), it can slow d avouch or speed up the economys rate of growth in the process, modify the level of determines and employment. The government could instill the economy in multiple ways, but the most common cha nges that can be made to influence the economy are (1) Taxes (2) Import Restrictions (3) Wholesale Interest Rates and (4) Government Speeding.TAXESTaxation understandably affects the economy by redistributing money from consumers and producers to the government coffers. The higher(prenominal)(prenominal) the tax, the less people have to spend, the less aggregate demand total demand there is in the economy.IMPORT RESTRICTIONSWhen a country uses protectionism to shield domestic producers from their own inefficiency and inability to compete with foreign firms, they may enact quotas or tariffs. A quota is when there is a maximum amount of a good that can be imported into the country, where imports that exceed the limit have either the responsible parties prosecuted for breaking the law or the goods being turned away. Tariffs are when the price of imports is artificially inflated with a tax, in order to make them less attractive to consumers that are price sensitive. The higher the quot as and tariffs, the higher the prices of those penalised goods in the economy, which in turn will negatively affect aggregate demand.WHOLESALE arouse RATESWholesale interest rates are the rates at which the central bank loans out money to retail banks, which in turn loan out their money to consumers and producers at a higher rate (the difference, in a very basic sense, is their profit margin, or revenue minus costs). If the in large quantities interest rates are increased, then retail banks must also increase their rates, otherwise their vocation would become less profitable (or unprofitable). For large purchases, producers (e.g. investments) and consumers (e.g. buying a home) need loans, since they do not have sufficient cash on-hand. Interest rates are effectively the price of borrowing money and because affects the Consumption and Investment components of gross domestic product (Consumption + Investment + Govt. Spending + Net Exports). (A small caveat, however, that central b anks are created by legislation but are not run by government their actions are independent of politicians agendas.) governing body SPENDINGGovernment Speeding (revenues filln from taxes, mentioned above) creates what is known as the Spending Multiplier. When the government consumes, called Government Spending, it is demanding goods and go in the economy. However, that demand in turn generates more demand than a single consume, because of not only the size of the demand (the government has a lot more money than you do) but also the type of demand (e.g. building infrastructure benefits everybody, as opposed to building a closed-door mansion) government spending affects aggregate demand. The spendingmultiplier, or how much additional demand is generated from each dollar of government spending, is mensural as follows Change in Equilibrium divided by Change in Investment.Case get hold of RomaniaRomania is a country of considerable potential rich agricultural lands, diverse power sources (coal, oil, natural flatulence, hydro, and nuclear), a substantial industrial base encompassing almost the full range of manufacturing activities, an educated work force, and opportunities for grow development in tourism on the Black Sea and in the Carpathian Mountains.The Romanian Government borrowed hard from the West in the 1970s to build a substantial state-owned industrial base. Following the 1979 oil price shock and a debt rescheduling in 1981, Ceausescu decreed that Romania would no longer be subject to foreign creditors. By the end of 1989, Romania had paid off a foreign debt of about $10.5 billion through an unprecedented private road that wreaked havoc on the economy and living standards. Vital imports were slashed and food and fuel strictly rationed, while the government exported everything it could to earn hard currency. With investment slashed, Romanias infrastructure fell behind its historically poorer Balkan neighbours.Since the fall of the Ceausescu reg ime in 1989, successive governments sought to build a Western-style market economy. The pace of restructuring was slow, but by 1994 the legal basis for a market economy was largely in place. After the 1996 elections, the coalition government try to eliminate consumer subsidies, float prices, liberalize exchange rates, and put in place a tight monetary policy. The Parliament enacted laws permitting foreign entities incorporated in Romania to purchase land. Foreign capital investment in Romania had been increase rapidly until 2008, although it remained less in per capita terms than in some other countries of East and Central Europe.Romania was the largest U.S. employment partner in Eastern Europe until Ceausescus 1988 renunciation of most favoured nation (MFN, or non-discriminatory) trading attitude resulted in high U.S. tariffs on Romanian products. Congress approved restoration of MFN status effective November 8, 1993, as part of a new bilateral trade understanding. Tariffs on mo st Romanian products dropped to zero in February 1994, with the inclusion of Romania in the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). Major Romanian exports to the U.S. include shoes, clothing, steel, and chemicals. Romania signed an Association engagement with the European Union (EU) in 1992 and a free trade reason with the European Free work Association (EFTA) in 1993, codifying Romanias access to European markets and creating the basic framework for further economic integration.At its capital of Finland Summit in celestial latitude 1999, the European Union invited Romania to establishedly begin accession negotiations. In December 2004, the European Commission concluded pre-accession negotiations with Romania. In April 2005, the EU signed an accession treaty with Romania and its neighbour, Bulgaria, and in January 2007, they were both(prenominal) welcomed as new EU members.Romania suffered through a deep economic recession root with the 2008 spherical financial crisis, but s hould return to supreme if very modest growth by the end of 2011. due to rapidly deteriorating economic conditions, a ballooning budget deficit, and large external imbalances, the Romanian Government was forced to conclude a 2-year, $27 billion financial care package with the International Monetary stemma (IMF), the European Commission, and the World bank in March 2009. Under the terms agreed with the IMF, the Romanian Government embarked on a difficult austerity program to reduce the budget deficit, cut public empyrean employment, and restructure local and national government agencies. Austerity measures included a 25% cut in public sector wages, a hike in the national value added tax (VAT) rate from 19% to 24%, and thousands of layoffs. GDP declined by 7.1% in 2009 and a further 1.3% in 2010, but the government succeeded in meeting IMF-agreed deficit targets despite strong opposition to the austerity measures from labour unions.In late 2010 and former(a) 2011 the government also pushed several important pieces of reform legislation through Parliament, includingpension reforms, an overhaul of public sector pay systems, and modernization of the labour code. The final IMF review under the 2009 agreement, conducted in February 2011, declared the agreement a success in stabilizing the economy and setting the stage for a return to growth. A new 2-year precautionary agreement between Romania and the IMF, effective March 2011, focuses on deepening structural reforms and restructuring or privatizing unprofitable state-owned enterprises.Privatization of industry was first pursued with the transfer in 1992 of 30% of the shares of some 6,000 state-owned enterprises to five private ownership funds, in which each adult citizen received certificates of ownership. The remaining 70% ownership of the enterprises was transferred to a state ownership fund. With the assistance of the World pious platitude, European Union, and IMF, Romania succeeded in privatizing most ind ustrial state-owned enterprises, including some large state-owned energy companies. Romania completed the privatization of the largest commercial bank (BCR) in 2006. Two state-owned banks remain in Romania, Eximbank and the National Savings Bank (CEC), after an attempt to privatize CEC Bank was indefinitely postponed in 2006. Four of the countrys eight regional electricity distributors have now been privatized.Privatization of natural gas distribution companies also progressed with the sale of Romanias two regional gas distributors, Distrigaz Nord (to E.ON Ruhrgas of Germany) and Distrigaz Sud (to Gaz de France). Further progress in energy sector privatization has been delayed as the government is contemplating the creation of two integrated, state-owned energy producers. However, this bundling scheme has been challenged in court and is also under review by the Romanian Competition Council and by competition authorities at the European Commission. Romania has a nuclear power whole kit and boodle at Cernavoda, with one nuclear reactor in operation since 1996 and a second one fit in the fall of 2007.The return of collectivized farmland to its cultivators, one of the first initiatives of the post-December 1989 revolution government, resulted in a short-term decrease in agricultural production. Some four million small parcels representing 80% of the arable surface were returned to originalowners or their heirs. Many of the recipients were elderly or city dwellers, and the slow progress of granting formal land titles remains an obstacle to leasing or selling land to active farmers.Financial and technical assistance continues to flow from the U.S., European Union, other industrial nations, and international financial institutions facilitating Romanias reintegration into the world economy. The IMF, World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and European Investment Bank (EIB) all have programs and resident representatives in Romania. U.S. chest of drawers for International Development (USAID) programs were phased out completely in 2008, except for Small Project Assistance Grants, which are still available through the Peace Corps. According to the National Office of the Trade Register, which measures foreign direct capital registered and disbursed to firms, between 1990 and November 2010 Romania attracted a total of $37.91 billion in foreign direct investment, of which the U.S. represented 2.59%. The demonstrable level of U.S. investment, however, is underreported as much of it flows to Romania through European subsidiaries of U.S. companies.After years of consistently high pompousness in the 1990s, Romanias inflation rate steadily decreased through 2004, only to rise once more on with high GDP growth rates of 4% to 8% through 2008. The deep recession beginning in late 2008 dramatically reduced inflationary pressures, but the VAT tax hike from 19% to 24% imposed in mid-2010 reversed that trend and pushed prices h igher. Stoked also by rising global food and energy prices, inflation hit an annualized rate of 8% at the end of 2010, the highest in the EU.The IMF has been critical of Romanias low rate of tax collection and poor enforcement mechanisms as a medium- to long-term impediment to growth. Tax arrears are slightly decreasing, but Romania still has one of the lowest percentages in the EU of revenues collected, at 33% of GDP in 2010. The current account deficit had been a concern, as it reached 13.6% of GDP in 2007 and 12.4% of GDP in 2008. However, due to the recession, the current account deficit dropped to 4.2% of GDP in 2010. Deteriorating education and health services and aging and inadequate physical infrastructure continue to be seen as threats to future growth.Sometimes a encounter is worth a thousand wordsConclusionAs a conclusion we can say that governments intervention in the economy can have both a positive and a negative influence on the market. Government intervention does n ot always end up the way it was intended or the way in which economists theories say it would. A enthralling part in the study of Economics is that the law of unintended consequences often comes into play events can affect a particular policy, and consumers and businesses rarely behave precisely in the way in which the government might want We will consider this in more detail when we consider government failure. One important thing to remember is that the effects of different forms of government intervention in markets are never unbiased thus financial support given by the government to one set of producers rather than another(prenominal) will always create winners and losers.Taxing one product more than another will alike have different effects on different groups of consumers. A concret example of too much government intervention is the following. Lets assume that in a time of recession, a government makes and agreement with the banks to lower interest rates and people will st art buying houses and other goods on loan.As time goes by, government debt also rises and thus they will be obliged to print out their own money. Printing their own money has a negative impact on the inflation rate and money value will go down. Also, after the recession, the interest rates will go up again and people will end up losing their previously bought goods. Nevertheless in most cases, the governments intervention proved to be efficient and actually helped the market economy. It all depends on the people that take the decisions and they need to take into consideration any factors that can influence the result of their decision.The European Union provides me the shell opportunity to connect with people Europe and to develop my ability of communication. I think is very important to get in touch with different people from different cultures and different countries.